How can the industry of tomorrow become more sustainable and the new direction be communicated to the public? That was only one of the main questions and topics raised and discussed during the second international bioeconomy conference in mid-September in Stuttgart-Hohenheim.
Global warming and climate change are driven by greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide. During photosynthesis, plants and algae act as natural air filters, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replacing it with oxygen. About half of the photosynthesis on Earth is performed in the ocean by single-celled algae. Plants and algae both use the enzyme Rubisco to bind carbon dioxide.
Wood is a very versatile material that can be reused multiple times. However, such recycling or cascade utilisation is very rare in Europe. In Germany, old wood is mostly used for energy generation and is thus simply burnt instead of using it for instance as building material. 15 project partners from five different countries banned together in the EU project CaReWood (Cascading Recovered Wood) to improve resource efficiency by recycling used wood via cascade utilisation.
Green algae (Chlamydomonas) can form a slimy layer on almost any surface and even cause blockages in water-treatment tanks. But they can also be quite useful. For years now algae have been cultivated in bioreactors, large facilities comprised of glass tubes, to produce biofuels. However, using their small hairs, also known as flagella, green algae adhere even to these surfaces. The result: a green biofilm forms on the walls of the glass tubes of the bioreactor. Subsequently, less light penetrates into the reactor.
Due to climate change more and more arable land is drying out, and subsequently requires irrigation in order to grow crops. However, steady and heavy irrigation causes soil salination, because the salts that are dissolved in the water are diffused into the soil and remain there after the water has evaporated. The salt in turn stunts the growth of the crops and, if left untreated, can even turn soils infertile.
The specialty chemicals company Evonik opened a new production site for its Evonik Advanced Botanicals subsidiary in Tours, France. Evonik is active in over 100 countries and the subsidiary was originally founded in 2016, when Evonik acquired the French startup Alkion Biopharma SAS, an expert in biotechnological production of plant-based active ingredients.
Once the takeover of Monsanto by the Leverkusen-based chemistry giant Bayer is finalised, there will only be three major players left on the field of agricultural chemistry. This has caused suspicion and caution from the cartel authority. Thus, to smoothen the transition Bayer has announced to sell parts of its agricultural chemistry business. BASF has since signed an agreement to acquire significant parts of Bayer’s seed and non-selective herbicide businesses for approximately €5.9 billion.
An estimated significant drop in the insect population has been a news topic for some time but could never be statistically proven. However, a study by researchers at the Radboud University in the Netherlands, the University of Sussex in Britain and dozens of amateur entomologists at the Entomological Society Krefeld in Germany now quantified the change as a 75% loss over the last 27 years.
Many animals provide ingenious inspirations for new materials and their production. Spiders, for instance, produce silk that withstands enormous forces and which has since been artificially generated in a laboratory setting. Similarly, mussels secrete byssus threads that can attach strongly to any material underwater – a long sought-after property. Velvet worms, small animals somewhere between an earthworm and a caterpillar, are equipped with an equally unique material: a sticky liquid that wards off enemies or catches prey.
Mosses are the second largest group of land plants today, and arguably the oldest. For millions of years, these plants have been producing highly complex molecules out of simple chemical building blocks, in a sustainable, efficient and cheap manner. Many of these chemical substances are used in medicine and the perfume industry today.