Many animals are herbivores. However, the plant cell wall contains cellulose and pectin – both of which are very difficult to digest and require specific enzymes for their break down. Throughout evolution many symbioses between microbes and herbivores have emerged in order to derive the most use out of their vegetable nourishment. The thistle tortoise beetles are an extraordinary example for such a symbiosis.

Wheat is one of the most important cereal species worldwide and its products like bread or pasta are common staples of food. Researchers at the Helmholtz Zentrum München and international colleagues have decoded the complex genome sequence of goatgrass (Aegilops tauschii), an ancestor of common wheat.

Microbes often live in complex biosystems. Their co-habitation is regulated by a number of chemical signals. Researchers from Jena now identified the mechanism that causes Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, roughly ten micrometer in size, to lose their flagella within minutes of coming close to Pseudomonas protegens bacteria, which are merely two micrometers in size.

Climate change and global warming causes more than rising sea levels. It also causes an increasing acidification of the oceans. This, however, affects especially those sea creatures with a calcareous shell – including mussels, which live in tidal regions of the coastal zones.

Biorefineries turn biomass into useful chemicals or raw material that can be processed into bio-based products. But where are they located? And what type of biomass are they using? To answer these questions the Cologne-based nova-Institute conducted a comprehensive survey of all European biorefineries over the summer of 2017.

The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) is a devastating pest of maize plants, which has spread throughout Europe. This year’s pest monitoring in Germany revealed that the number of beetles caught in traps has again multiplied in comparison to the previous year. Several attempts to target this crop pest biologically by applying entomopathogenic nematodes have failed.

Using the "DNA-origami-technique" researchers can fold single DNA strands into a three-dimensional double-stranded structure. Biophysicist Hendrik Dietz, Professor of Biomolecular Nanotechnology at TU Munich, is an expert of this field and has now developed a new way to make the tiny DNA origami structures larger by transfering viral construction principles to DNA origami technology. This enables him and his team to design and build much larger structures than before – now on the scale of viruses and cell organelles.

There is a lively start-up scene in Germany. It is supported and funded by the federal ministry as well as other sponsors via the Business Angels Netzwerk Deutschland e.V. (BAND). Many of the new businesses develop innovative ideas regarding energy and resource efficiency and are thus thematically on point for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) drawn up by the United Nations as part of the Agenda 2030.

The number of people on the planet and thus the number of hungry mouths to feed is constantly growing and is expected to exceed 9 billion by the year 2050. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve crop yield for food output. To meet this demand, researchers lead by Manajit Hayer-Hartl at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Munich aim to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis and thus crop productivity by artificially engineering the plant Rubisco enzyme.

Plants produce a number of metabolites with diverse functions. Many of these metabolites are not only useful to the plant itself, but also have positive effects in humans and animals. However, the extraction of these compounds in sufficient quantities from the naturally producing resources is often laborious and costly. While some metabolites can be produced in bacteria, so far none can be manufactured in plants themselves.