With his theory of heredity, Gregor Johann Mendel laid the foundation for modern genetics. In 1866, in what he called Mendel's Rules, the scientist described for the first time how certain characteristics are transmitted from a mother plant to its offspring. This knowledge continues to shape plant breeding to this day.

It is a dilemma of microbiology: The most interesting bacteria often live in very specific habitats with conditions that cannot be replicated in the laboratory. Therefore, these microorganisms cannot be cultivated and researched. Countless proteins that could have great potential for medicine or biotechnological applications escape discovery by humans in this way. A team of researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) wants to change this.

Biodiversity is the basis of our existence - but it is under threat. Worldwide, 26,500 animal and plant species face extinction. In Germany, almost one in three wild plants is affected, including the well-known medicinal plant arnica. The German government has therefore put the protection of biodiversity on the political agenda. Now, for the first time, there is a tool that provides detailed information on how many plant species there are in different regions of the world.

The textile industry's interest in sustainable materials is growing. In particular, this revolves around alternatives to cotton, but also around replacing petroleum-based synthetic fabrics. Expanding the raw material base for textile fibers is the goal of a new research project. As part of the CRF-Sraw project, researchers at the University of Hamburg, together with fiber expert J. Rettenmaier & Söhne, now want to make agricultural residues usable for fiber production.

Collaboration is followed by acquisition: German pharmaceutical and chemical company Bayer has bought the start-up Targenomix. The two companies have already been working together since the spin-off from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in 2014. Targenomix uses systems biology and bioinformatics methods to identify new molecular targets for crop protection products.

Hemp is one of the oldest crops in the world. The various parts of the plant are used to produce textile fibers, building materials, fuels, medicinal products and foodstuffs. As many uses hemp has, as numerous are the residual and waste materials that are produced during processing. Leaves and blossoms, hemp hurds, hemp dust or even extraction residues from hemp oil production are hardly ever used. Researchers at the German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ) and Hanffaser Uckermark eG want to change that.

Yield losses of up to 50% - these are the possible consequences when winter barley becomes infected with barley yellow mosaic virus or mild barley mosaic virus. Fortunately, this rarely happens anymore because today's cultivars have resistance to these viruses. Recently, however, virus strains have appeared with increasing frequency that have been able to overcome these established resistance mechanisms. Large-scale crop failures would thus only have been a matter of time.

The environment influences how the activity of DNA is regulated - this has long been known. Now, however, researchers at the University of Tübingen have quantified the magnitude of this influence for the first time for the field penny-cress (Thlaspi arvense). Previously, this had only been studied for a few plant species. Field penny-cress could gain importance in the future as a winter cover crop and as a raw material for biofuels.

They are indispensable for the plastics industry: polyamides (PA). The polymers are used, for example, to produce synthetic fibers for textiles or technical applications. The best-known synthetic fiber is nylon, which is used in women's stockings as well as hot air balloons and car tires. However, the popular polyamides are usually obtained from crude oil.