The decision to phase out coal has been made. From 2030, no more coal is to be mined in Germany. Regions like the Rhineland must therefore rethink. With the BioeconomyREVIER, the NRW state government has already set the course for a bio-based and sustainable economy in 2020. However, in order to drive structural change forward, corresponding innovations from research and development must be put into practice as quickly as possible.
Plastics are versatile and durable - but it is precisely their durability that poses a problem: petroleum-based plastics decompose only incompletely or not at all, thus polluting the environment. However, it is not yet possible to do without plastics altogether. That's why researchers around the world are looking for ways to recycle petroleum-based plastics. So far, only a small portion of the world's plastic waste is recycled. By identifying new biocatalysts, researchers have now paved the way for sustainable recycling of plastic waste.
What is the bioeconomy? In which sectors is biobased economic activity already a reality in this country? And how does the German government support this strategy for sustainable economic growth? These questions are answered in the brochure "Bioeconomy in Germany", published jointly by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL).
The chemical industry still relies predominantly on petroleum as a fossil raw material, but the industry is changing: bio-based raw materials such as residual and waste materials are increasingly being used as feedstock for the manufacture of chemical products. But processing biomass is not always easy. A team led by chemical engineer Jakob Albert from the University of Hamburg wants to tackle this problem. As part of the "BioValCat" project, the researchers want to develop an industrial process to extract ingredients for the chemical industry from biomass.
Genome mining - the systematic search of genomes - is the focus of an Emmy Noether Fellowship from the German Research Foundation (DFG). Natural product genomicist Eric Helfrich of the LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics is receiving it to use artificial intelligence methods to discover natural products for medicine, food production or agriculture in novel ways. "Peptide Biosynthesis Off the Beaten Path: Machine Learning-based Identification of Unusual Peptide Natural Products" is the name of the project launched in January.
In 2020, the Saxon state government has anchored the bioeconomy in its innovation strategy in order to drive sustainability in the areas of circular economy, agriculture and forestry, raw materials management and energy. The conditions for a sustainable and bio-based economy are good: Almost half of the state's land area is used for agriculture. This means that the state has a solid agricultural and forestry-based raw materials base. In addition, there is a strong industry in the areas of food, wood processing and textiles.
In 2013, AMSilk became the world's first company to produce biotechnologically manufactured spider silk modeled on nature. Founded in 2008 as a spin-off from the Technical University of Munich, the company uses transformed bacteria to produce the spider silk proteins. The microbial production and processing of the biodegradable silk protein requires only sugar from renewable plants, water, minerals and energy.
A handful of soil contains more microorganisms than there are people on earth. Bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa make up around 70 % of the biomass and are particularly valuable for agriculture and forestry: they supply plants with nutrients, shape soil structure, improve water storage and promote plant growth. In addition, the microbial community has a decisive influence on the carbon cycle in the soil and thus on the importance of the resource as a carbon sink.
Without microorganisms, there would be no bread, no cheese, no beer and no wine. The metabolic capabilities of bacteria, yeasts and molds are of particular importance with regard to a sustainable economy. With their help, renewable raw materials can be converted into new substances and customized products for the bioeconomy. Industrial biotechnology has therefore been using microorganisms as production factories for the manufacture of chemicals, drugs, vaccines or fuels for decades.