Antibody Engineering is a key activity of the Biotechnology Department. Fully human antibodies are discovered by phage display using our billion-clone human antibody gene libraries - providing sequence defined monoclonal antibodies without the need to use experimental animals. Further, ORFeome phage display is used to identify new biomarkers and vaccines. The power of phage display yields antibodies with pre-defined biochemical properties and to targets not amenable to animal-based antibody generation. After initial discovery, antibodies and other protein domains can be further designed, assembled at the molecular level, tuned and adapted to achieve specific functions in biological systems or technical applications. Our research has not only provided new concepts for antibody engineering, but also resulted in the generation of many antibodies that are used in practical applications in research, diagnostics and therapy, with two human antibodies currently undergoing clinical testing.