For a long time, washing was the most energy- and time-consuming work in the household. Washing was done in a lye made of ash - ash, because the non-water-soluble substances mechanically helped scrubbing. In addition, the combination of water and ash produces a corrosive solution that causes the fibres to swell and decomposes the fats.
"Bio-based" sounds like a good thing to most people. However, regarding biofuels this has been the topic of heated discussions for many years now. Environmental economist Ruth Delzeit has been involved in this topic in one way or another since the beginning of her research career - and it has been a transformative experience, especially once she recognized how some politicians and journalists deal with research findings.
Nail polish in its present form is significantly more recent. Only in the 20's of the last century it became fashionable, inspired by the invention of the automobile lacquer. In fact, in the beginning, the same paint was simply used for cars and nails. A lot has changed in the meantime. The demands have increased. Nail varnishes should not only look beautiful, they should also keep the nails healthy.
Environmental pollution caused by plastic waste is a hot-button issue right now - whether it's waste islands in the oceans or microplastics in the fields which eventually end up in the intestines of humans. However, plastic packaging cannot be dispensed off everywhere. Thus, more and more biodegradable plastics are being produced, which are supposed to have less impact on the environment.
"Regarding technology, Europe will have to learn from Africa.” For many Europeans, this will sound strange, but it is Wolfram Schmidt's firm conviction - at least when it comes to the production of concrete. After all, the Earth's most important building material could be much more sustainable - without any loss in quality. In Africa, people are beginning to understand this for pragmatic reasons. In Europe, regulations and rigid views prevent the industry from massively improving its climate balance.