Wheat is one of the most important food crops and, after maize, provides the world's largest harvest yields. Many foods, from bread and pizza to beer, are made from this grain. However, extreme weather conditions such as droughts and floods repeatedly cause crop losses – including wheat. Farmers are already trying to supply food crops with important nutrients such as nitrogen through fertilization and to secure wheat yields.

Whether bud formation, leaf emergence, flower or fruit formation: The development of a plant is characterised by the seasons. However, climate change and, above all, higher temperatures have shifted the life cycle of plants in many places in recent years. Recording such phenotypic changes on a large scale is essential for researchers in order to draw conclusions about the effects of climate change on plants. With the plant identification app Flora Incognita, a tool has been providing researchers with observation data on a large scale for several years.

Away from monocultures, pesticides and heavy agricultural machinery, permaculture established itself worldwide in the 1970s as a near-natural farming concept as a counterpart to conventional agriculture. In Germany, this organic farming model has also been practised by some farmers for decades. On permaculture areas, for example, fields are supplemented with trees and shrubs. Mineral fertilisers and pesticides are not used and the keeping of livestock is integrated into the cultivation of crops.

Peacock feathers or butterfly wings, such as those of the peacock butterfly, fascinate with their splendid colours. However, it is not pigments that are responsible for this iridescent effect, but tiny structures that reflect the light in a special way. Some bacteria also have the talent to form similarly glittering and iridescent structures. Researchers from the Cluster of Excellence ‘Balance of the Microverse’ at the University of Jena have now taken a closer look at bacterial colonies with this talent.

Large quantities of green waste, food waste and sewage sludge accumulate in every city and municipality. Tapping into these biogenic residues as a source of raw materials and optimising their use as materials and energy is an important cornerstone on the path to a sustainable and cycle-oriented bioeconomy. Stuttgart now wants to drive forward the transition to a bio-based circular economy in a targeted manner. The state capital of Baden-Württemberg is the first municipality in Germany to draw up its own urban bioeconomy strategy.

Utilising carbon dioxide (CO₂) as an alternative source of carbon is a promising approach to making industrial chemical production processes more climate-friendly and sustainable. In the FUMBIO project, researchers from the Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) at the University of Marburg and the universities in Saarbrücken and Kaiserslautern-Landau, led by the chemical company BASF, want to develop such a sustainable production process for the manufacture of the platform chemical fumaric acid.

Polylactic acid – PLA for short – is a bioplastic that is particularly valued for its high rigidity. The range of applications for the bio-based and biodegradable polymers extends from children's toys to dowels and disposable cups to food packaging. Fraunhofer researchers have now expanded the range of applications for PLA with the development of a new type of film material.

Alongside water, nitrogen as a fertiliser is a key factor in determining plant yields and therefore people's food security. However, nitrogen consumption in agriculture is very unevenly distributed worldwide: Rich countries tend to use too much nitrogen fertiliser, which pollutes water bodies and reduces biodiversity. In the Global South, on the other hand, there is a lack of nitrogen for sufficient harvests. The imbalance in global nitrogen distribution was the focus of an international study involving the University of Göttingen.