unspecific

Both strategies pursue numerous initiatives including new technologies to communicate and trigger discussions, monitor the consumption of resources and improve efficiency. In addition, there will be further research and more technology transfers.

The Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology developed the biotechnology strategy as part of its "National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty". The focus is on the modernisation of agriculture. In addition, there are also opportunities for the health sector, trade and environmental protection. There is no bioeconomy strategy.

Thus in 2008, the 10-year development plan (TYIP, 2008-2018) already recognised "strengthening of the country’s bioeconomy" as one of five "big challenges". However, the government did not present its bioeconomy strategy until 2013. In this context, the Ministry of Science and Technology identifies three key sectors: the health sector, agriculture and industry in general. In particular, the strategy is intended to provide a key impetus for the agricultural sector and the bioindustry, especially with regard to global competitiveness.

Since 2006, the "National Biofuels Strategy", published by the Ministry of Agriculture in the context of a larger strategy, the "Retour Vers l'Agriculture", has been in operation. The country also has a policy on renewable energy. Through the diversification of energy sources, the Senegalese government hopes to raise the living standards of its people and to promote national energy security. Its rural regions in particular are to have better access to electricity owing to renewable energies.

The paper was designed by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation NNPC. It is envisaged that the integration of both the energy and agribusiness sectors will foster the emergence of new jobs and support rural and technological development. Important objectives also include a more coherent policy and inter-ministerial coordination.

In principle, it focuses on the socio-economic development of the country; Certain issues relevant to the bioeconomy are being decided upon. A bioeconomy strategy doesn’t exist, but the fields of health, agriculture, fisheries, energy and biotechnology are relevant to the bioeconomy.

The main objective of the roadmap on “Ocean Economy” is not related to bioeconomy. The strategic focus is on the marine's potential for fisheries, aquaculture, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry.

The country has three strategies for energy production but no specific bioeconomy or biotechnology strategy. The three energy policy strategies include a national energy policy strategy, a renewable energy strategy and a biofuels strategy. In order to better implement the biofuels strategy, a "National Agency for Bioenergy Development" was set up in 2009. A particular challenge facing the country is the struggle against progressive desertification. The responsible management of Mali’s natural resources is also particularly important.

In Kenya, bioeconomy development is strongly related to biotechnology policy. With the “National Biotechnology Development Policy” (2006) the government formulated its vision to transform Kenya into a knowledge-based economy by fostering research, development and the commercialization of modern biotechnological products. A special bioeconomy strategy does not exist. The Biotechnology Strategy was prepared by the Council for Science and Technology, a Kenyan government advisory body.

The production and consumption of sugar cane alcohol has dominated for decades. The bioethanol industry has become the second largest producer in the world. In addition to biofuels, cane sugar and soya are other important export goods. The use of genetically modified crops is widespread: Brazilian fields account for one-fifth of the global GM cultivation area. Future potential lies in bio-based chemicals production. The timber industry is considered an additional growth market.