Biotechnology/Systems biology

The soil fungus Mortierella alpina is no stranger to biotechnology: It is already being used to produce long-chain fatty acids, which are used as food supplements for baby food, for example. Researchers from Jena now report that the soil fungus could also be the key to sustainable agriculture.

Fish is one of the most popular foods in Germany. In order to meet the high demand and avoid overfishing, fish such as salmon and trout are often bred in aquacultures. However, enormous quantities of wild stocks are processed into fishmeal and fish oil and added to the feed. In this way, the farmed fish are supplied with vital and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for a healthy diet.

Wood is a versatile and sought-after raw material in Germany and has to be imported in large quantities due to the high demand. An alternative to wood could be plants from paludiculture, as peatland plants also contain important wood components such as cellulose and lignin. Reeds and peat mosses are already being used for building materials, animal feed and food. Now the paper industry could also benefit from peatland plants as a wood substitute. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV have now provided proof of this.

Humus is known to be good for the soil. The complex mixture of organic matter, such as dead animal and plant remains, serves as a food source for plants and soil microbes alike and is therefore a driving force for plant growth and soil health. It is primarily the humic substances contained in humus that ensure that moisture and nutrients are bound in the soil, convert microbial biomass into nutrient-rich biostimulants and make these available to plants. In practice, however, things often look different.

For many people, sweets such as chocolate, biscuits and meringue are part of the Christmas season. But the trend is also moving towards vegan treats that are healthy and sustainable. However, when it comes to baked goods in particular, it can be difficult to completely avoid animal products such as eggs. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV in Freising want to change that. In the ‘LeguFoam’ project, a team led by Maike Föste has developed a plant-based alternative to traditional egg whites from hens' eggs.

As an intermediate product of many metabolic pathways, acetyl-CoA is a central component in the production of vital biomolecules. The molecule binds carbon dioxide (CO₂) and is therefore crucial for how efficiently the greenhouse gas is incorporated into metabolic processes in order to ultimately produce biomass.

Until recently, chocolate without cocoa and palm oil was unthinkable. With Choviva, the Munich-based start-up Planet A Foods has developed a chocolate alternative that not only manages without cocoa and palm oil, but also saves large amounts of CO₂ during production. The company, which was founded in Planegg in 2021, has now raised 30 million US dollars as part of a Series B financing round to further increase the production of cocoa-free chocolate.

Vegan cheese alternatives have one thing in common: they contain neither casein nor whey protein – although these proteins are essential for the characteristic flavour and texture of cheese made from animal milk. The biotech start-up Infinite Roots, which specialises in sustainable foods made from mushroom mycelium, now wants to remedy this shortcoming. Together with Hamburg University of Technology, the company is developing a technology to utilise whey as a nutrient for mycelium fermentation.