Biotechnology/Systems biology

“Uncovering the key signals of plants under water stress”

Plants need water to survive. However, climate change is making this precious commodity scarce and posing major challenges for agriculture. But how do plants perceive a lack of water and what are the underlying molecular mechanisms? Christine Ziegler is investigating these questions in her research work. As part of the HYDROSENSING project, the biophysicist from the University of Regensburg is looking for answers to these fundamental questions. The European Research Council (ERC) is providing 10 million euros in a so-called Synergy Grant for the six-year project.

“Animal protein is difficult to replace with alternative protein”

Even if meat substitutes made from soya or wheat usually have a convincing flavour, they often cannot keep up with the animal original in terms of texture and mouthfeel. As a junior professor at TU Berlin, food technologist Anja Wagemans has spent many years researching the structure formation of alternative plant-based and microbiological biopolymers in order to give vegan alternatives more "bite". In an effort to put the results of her research into practice, she also works with companies involved in the development of cell-based foods.

Methane-reducing feed additives for livestock

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2). One gram of methane drives global warming many times more than the same amount of CO2. According to the Federal Environment Agency, agriculture is responsible for around two thirds of methane emissions in Germany. Cattle farming alone is responsible for more than half of the methane emissions produced here. In order to achieve its climate targets, the German government wants to reduce methane emissions by 30 % by 2030.

Tapping into the potential of salt-tolerant plants

Algae are among the marine plants that researchers have long recognised as having great potential for the bioeconomy and which are already being used in a variety of ways. Other salt-tolerant plants such as the European seaweed (Salicornia europaea), on the other hand, have received little attention - but also have many qualities. This is the conclusion reached by a European research team that spent four years investigating the potential of these so-called halophytes.

Thinking big with smart bioprocess technology

Industrial biotechnology utilises microorganisms or individual biomolecules such as enzymes in bioprocesses as the basis for the industrial production of chemicals, biopharmaceuticals or food additives. The key players are cells as living factories that can produce a desired product in large quantities in closed bioreactors. Developing bioprocesses in such a way that the biotechnological production of a product is optimised is very time-consuming and complex.

Key gene for toxic alkaloid discovered in barley

Plants mediate their interactions with the environment via chemical signals. One example of this is the alkaloid gramine, which is produced by barley, one of the world's most widely cultivated cereals. Gramine provides protection against herbivorous insects and grazing animals and inhibits the growth of other plants. The toxin is particularly present in the green parts of the plant, such as leaves and stalks, but hardly ever in the grains, which can be safely used for food production.

Alliance of microalgae and bacteria

Soil is home to countless microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. These invisible microorganisms form communities in a wide variety of ways, ensuring a smooth nutrient cycle and thus fertile soil and plant growth. How these microorganisms work together and which factors promote or inhibit growth has been the subject of research at Friedrich Schiller University Jena for many years.

Genetic material of maize plants influences the root microbiome

There are many fungi and bacteria that live in symbiosis with plant roots and enrich each other. Plants can only grow because they are supplied with nutrients and water from the soil via the roots with the help of microorganisms. This diverse community of microorganisms, also known as the microbiome, also protects the host plant from harmful organisms and is therefore a guarantee for plant health.

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