Nitrogen is essential for plant growth. This is why legumes such as beans and chickpeas have adapted to life on nitrogen-poor soils. They form root nodules in which special bacteria can absorb nitrogen from the air. These rhizobia receive sugar from the plant in exchange for the fixed nitrogen.

Methanol is a sought-after chemical that is used for fuel production, among other things, and is made from fossil raw materials. The start-up Icodos - a spin-off of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - has developed an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of this all-purpose chemical: instead of crude oil and natural gas, biogas from waste streams such as sewage sludge is used as a raw material source in combination with renewable electricity to produce biomethane and e-methanol.

Two antenna-like feelers turn unicellular microalgae into fantastic swimmers. Two researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems have harnessed this ability. They transformed the organisms into mini-robots that could be used as drug transporters in medicine, for example.

For millions of years, plants have been obtaining energy from photosynthesis. In this process, carbon and water are converted into sugar and oxygen with the help of sunlight. Imitating this natural metabolic pathway technically would have many advantages and is therefore an ambitious goal of numerous research teams. Chemists at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany, have now come one step closer to artificial photosynthesis.

The majority of plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. This subterranean symbiosis is equally beneficial for plants and root fungi. But how do such symbioses develop and how do plants decide whether or not to interact? A team led by symbiosis researcher Caroline Gutjahr from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam has provided new insights into this.

Extreme weather conditions such as heat, drought and heavy rain are putting increasing pressure on winegrowing. Soil erosion is a major problem for winegrowers. Vineyards on slopes such as the Moselle, Rhine or Elbe are particularly affected by this. Soil is eroded or washed away by wind and rain, leaving the vines without a basis for growth.

The economy is still based on fossil fuels which leads to problems such as climate change, energy crisis and resource scarcity. Ways are therefore needed to break this dependency. The Joachim Herz Foundation would like to support precisely such solutions with the innovate! Fund. According to the call for proposals, it supports transfer-oriented research projects with high-risk approaches that make biogenic resources usable for a fossil-free future. Three interdisciplinary research teams are being sought.

Since the 19th century, phosphorus has been used as a fertilizer in agriculture to help plants grow and thrive. To do this, the material has to be mined or artificially produced, which consumes resources. In order to save resources, the recycling of human faeces can be considered. However, due to the Fertilizer Ordinance, this may only be used for research purposes and not in agriculture. A team from Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU) has now provided new data to adapt the regulation.

In nature, CO₂ is mainly fixed via the Calvin cycle, which is part of photosynthesis. Marburg microbiologist and Leibniz Prize winner Tobias Erb has been working for some time on making natural fixation pathways more efficient with the help of synthetic biology.