Italy is the second most important industrial country in the EU after Germany. The north is mainly industrialised, the south predominantly agricultural. The food sector, with its typical offerings such as olive oil, wine and pasta, is regarded as a supporting pillar of the country's economy. However, chemical exports contribute much toward its economic power. Therefore, future opportunities for the bioeconomy exist in the chemical industry in particular. To this end, the companies already modify former petrochemical plants. Italy does not have a national bioeconomy strategy. Rather, developments in this field are driven by industry.