Chemistry

Oil spills occur time and again in the world's oceans with serious consequences for the entire ecosystem. But here, too, nature has microbial helpers at the ready that can contain the spread of the oil slick and thus the environmental pollution. These are marine bacteria that feed on crude oil. A research team led by the University of Bonn has now taken a closer look at such a marine bacterium. RWTH Aachen University, HHU Düsseldorf and the Jülich Research Centre were involved in the study.

PET (polyethylene terephthalate) is a plastic based on fossil raw materials such as crude oil or natural gas. Although pure PET is fully recyclable, it often ends up in the environment or is incinerated. Biochemists Dr Christian Sonnendecker and Dr Ronny Frank are focusing instead on a biological recycling process using PHL7.

Packaging, whether plastic or paper, is an integral part of everyday life, but ends up in the bin after a short time. This wastes valuable resources. Instead of cutting down trees to obtain cellulose for the packaging industry, PAPACKS relies on industrial hemp. Founded in 2013, the Cologne-based company has now established its own supply chain for certified industrial hemp with Ukrainian Hemp, thereby securing access to the renewable raw material on an industrial scale.

Methanol is a sought-after chemical that is used for fuel production, among other things, and is made from fossil raw materials. The start-up Icodos - a spin-off of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - has developed an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of this all-purpose chemical: instead of crude oil and natural gas, biogas from waste streams such as sewage sludge is used as a raw material source in combination with renewable electricity to produce biomethane and e-methanol.

For millions of years, plants have been obtaining energy from photosynthesis. In this process, carbon and water are converted into sugar and oxygen with the help of sunlight. Imitating this natural metabolic pathway technically would have many advantages and is therefore an ambitious goal of numerous research teams. Chemists at Julius-Maximilians-Universität (JMU) Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany, have now come one step closer to artificial photosynthesis.

The majority of plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. This subterranean symbiosis is equally beneficial for plants and root fungi. But how do such symbioses develop and how do plants decide whether or not to interact? A team led by symbiosis researcher Caroline Gutjahr from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam has provided new insights into this.

Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and yeasts are the invisible little helpers of the bioeconomy. With their assistance, biological resources can be utilised, new bio-based products can be manufactured and production processes can be made more sustainable and efficient. In the search for new microorganisms for biotechnological applications, researchers in the newly launched EU project XTREAM now want to take a closer look at the earth's extreme habitats.