It is another success for the Swiss specialty chemicals group Clariant: In the pre-commercial lignocellulose biorefinery in Straubing, Bavaria, the company has now enzymatically processed around 30 metric tons of Miscanthus grass, also known as maiden silvergrass or elephant grass, into lignocellulose sugars and ethanol.
They bring water into the desert: large plantations can influence the microclimate to such an extent that more rain falls. They help reduce desertification and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Scientists at the University of Hohenheim have now analyzed the exact mechanisms behind rain formation and, with the help of a supercomputer, have simulated it down to the regional level, where new crops could make the greatest difference.
The aim of the "MartA (Smart Spraying)" project is to identify diseased plants immediately after infestation and treat them with pesticides at the ideal time. Together with the industry partners Bosch and Cubert, the researchers are developing sensors and algorithms that make this possible. The project has already been successful for the sugar beet disease cercospora, and promising progress has also been made against three wheat diseases.
After the Second World War, Germany was quickly reforested. As a result, the domestic forests today are poor in tree species diversity and accordingly susceptible to environmental influences: Bark beetles, heat, drought, storms and fires have all plagued Germany's forests, which are dominated by spruce and beech. Experts call this a new forest dieback.
The German life science company Bayer and the U.S. developer of biopharmaceuticals Arvinas are planning to adapt molecules of the cell's own system and use them to remove foreign or no longer needed proteins in order to protect agricultural plants from pathogens, insect pests and wild herbs. To this end, both companies have now announced the foundation of the joint venture Oerth Bio (pronounced "Earth").
Nitrogen deficiency restricts the growth and yield of plants. That is why the addition of nitrogen is a common part of agricultural practice. However, researchers from the Zuse-Gemeinschaft report that the effect is reversed and the yield when as little as 135 kilograms are used per year and hectare. They also present new applications for field beans and a device that analyzes the ingredients and shelf life of food.
Scientists from Potsdam, Berlin and Grenoble were able to use ultra-fast 3D neutron imaging to visualize the transport of water in the soil and the subsequent absorption by the roots of lupines.
That insect decline and species extinction are a fact has been shown by numerous national and international studies. Now German scientists are once again drawing attention to the loss of species with a large-scale biodiversity study. A research team led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has come to the conclusion that the decline of insects in Germany is even more extensive than previously assumed. "Previous studies [...] either focused exclusively on biomass, i.e. the total weight of all insects, or on individual species or species groups.
In many countries of the world, rice is a staple food. Small farmers, especially in South Asia and Africa, live from the cultivation of this important crop. However, their livelihood and food security are threatened by the plant disease bacterial blight. This is caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). In India alone, the bacterium causes annual harvest losses worth around 3.6 billion dollars.
For many pollutants such as pesticides, the legislator has set threshold values. Below these limits, exposure is considered harmless. However, this does not seem to apply to many living organisms, including humans, as ecotoxicologists at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) have now been able to show.