Agriculture and forestry

How can nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which are removed from the environment through the cultivation and consumption of food, be returned? This question was the focus of the ‘zirkulierBAR’ project, which was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) from 2021 to 2024 as part of the REGION.innovativ funding programme. Following the completion of the three-year project, which was coordinated by the Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), the consortium has now summarised its results and findings in a handbook.

Potting soils usually contain peat, which is formed from dead plant remains in bogs. However, peat extraction destroys the habitats of many plants and animals as well as a valuable carbon store. There are now alternative plant substrates such as coconut pulp and fibres. However, the raw materials have to be imported from India or Sri Lanka. In the TOPKO project, researchers at Oldenburg University of Applied Sciences and industrial partners now want to prove that regional raw materials are also suitable as a peat substitute for plant substrates.

Land, moor and sea are the three areas of expertise that Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) can rely on for bio-based structural change. The focus is on the high-quality refinement of plant-based raw materials such as arable crops, reeds and algae. By 2030, these renewable raw materials are to be turned into products that will help the region to achieve an economic upturn and make it a model region for the bioeconomy. Peatlands play an important role in structural change. They currently make up around 13% of the total area of the federal state.

The agriculture of the future faces major challenges: Climate change, scarcity of resources and the need for sustainable production methods require innovative solutions. New technologies offer enormous opportunities, particularly in viticulture, a traditional industry that is heavily dependent on environmental conditions. Two pioneering projects at the University of Koblenz show how modern digital innovations and precise, data-driven approaches can make viticulture not only more efficient, but also more resilient to climate change.

The state of the forests is worrying. Many trees are suffering from drought, pests and storms. The consequences of climate change have already clearly left their mark on spruce, pine, beech and oak trees – according to the latest forest condition report. According to the report, four out of five trees are diseased. A new analysis method developed at Munich University of Applied Sciences could help to protect the forest ecosystem and prevent further damage.

Climate change, water and resource scarcity, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, but also population growth and food waste are putting the current food system under severe pressure across Europe. Sustainable food and nutrition security is therefore one of the major challenges of the future.

Moors are not only unique habitats for animals and plants. They bind large amounts of climate-damaging CO₂ and therefore make an important contribution to climate and environmental protection.

Although they only cover around 3% of the earth's surface, peatlands play a crucial role in climate protection, as they bind almost twice as much carbon as all of the world's forests combined.

As a result of global warming, crops such as barley not only have to contend with increasing drought, but also with infestation by fungi, which multiply particularly well in warm conditions.