Agriculture and forestry

Extreme weather conditions such as heat, drought and heavy rain are putting increasing pressure on winegrowing. Soil erosion is a major problem for winegrowers. Vineyards on slopes such as the Moselle, Rhine or Elbe are particularly affected by this. Soil is eroded or washed away by wind and rain, leaving the vines without a basis for growth.

Since the 19th century, phosphorus has been used as a fertilizer in agriculture to help plants grow and thrive. To do this, the material has to be mined or artificially produced, which consumes resources. In order to save resources, the recycling of human faeces can be considered. However, due to the Fertilizer Ordinance, this may only be used for research purposes and not in agriculture. A team from Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU) has now provided new data to adapt the regulation.

In agriculture and horticulture, weeds are often removed with pesticides because they compete with the main plants for nutrients, water and light. However, not all weeds are harmful, they can even be beneficial. Researchers at the Technology and Support Centre (TFZ) in Straubing have been working on using artificial intelligence (AI) and drone images to apply herbicides in a more targeted and automated manner.

An area of 200 hectares and a potential saving of 3,400 tonnes of CO₂: this is the ambitious goal of the MooReturn project, which was launched in the Mecklenburg Lake District in January. This is to be achieved through the large-scale rewetting of moorland, the cultivation of paludiculture and the material and energy utilisation and marketing of the raw materials grown here. The project is being managed by the German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ) and scientifically supported by the universities of Bonn, Greifswald and Rostock.

Vegan cheese alternatives have one thing in common: they contain neither casein nor whey protein - although these proteins are crucial for the characteristic flavour and texture of cheese made from animal milk. Formo has found a way to produce these essential milk proteins - especially caseins - with the help of microorganisms. The Berlin-based food tech start-up uses precision fermentation to produce animal-free cheese products.

The soil fungus Mortierella alpina is no stranger to biotechnology: It is already being used to produce long-chain fatty acids, which are used as food supplements for baby food, for example. Researchers from Jena now report that the soil fungus could also be the key to sustainable agriculture.

Fish is one of the most popular foods in Germany. In order to meet the high demand and avoid overfishing, fish such as salmon and trout are often bred in aquacultures. However, enormous quantities of wild stocks are processed into fishmeal and fish oil and added to the feed. In this way, the farmed fish are supplied with vital and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are essential for a healthy diet.

Wood is a versatile and sought-after raw material in Germany and has to be imported in large quantities due to the high demand. An alternative to wood could be plants from paludiculture, as peatland plants also contain important wood components such as cellulose and lignin. Reeds and peat mosses are already being used for building materials, animal feed and food. Now the paper industry could also benefit from peatland plants as a wood substitute. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV have now provided proof of this.

Traditionally, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) organises the World Food Conference in Berlin at the start of the Green Week to kick off the year. This year, around 2,000 representatives from politics, business, science and civil society will once again discuss global agricultural and food policy issues in the CityCube from 15 to 18 January. The 17th edition of the Global Forum for Food and Agriculture (GFFA) will focus on the topic of ‘Shaping a sustainable bioeconomy’.