Agriculture and forestry

It is a challenge that young researchers have been taking up with enthusiasm for years: the international student competition for synthetic biology iGEM. This year, the world championship in bioengineering celebrates its 20th anniversary. 350 teams from around the world will again travel to Boston in October to compete with their projects. Fourteen teams from colleges and universities in Germany are also entering the race for the coveted places, including young researchers from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU).

With their high protein content, legumes are healthy and are now an integral part of many plant-based foods. The consumer trend toward healthy eating is causing demand for vegan foods to rise further. Seed specialist KWS Saat SE & Co. KGaA and the Berlin-based start-up company VF Nutrition GmbH, better known under the brand name vly, have now agreed a development partnership lasting several years.

Climate change and industrialization put pressure on ecosystems worldwide - including the valuable resource soil. Especially its ability to store important greenhouse gases is being impaired. It has long been known that microorganisms play an important role in the conversion of organic carbon in the soil. However, how biological and environmental processes affect carbon storage in soils was largely unknown until now. An international team of researchers with the participation of the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena now provides answers.

Without roots, plants could not exist: Not only do they anchor the plant in the soil, they also supply it with water and nutrients. Influencing the shape and size of root growth would therefore enable plant breeding to produce more robust and higher-yielding crops. A first step on this path could be a study by an international team of researchers who have now further elucidated the molecular processes involved in root growth of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

In agriculture, large quantities of fertilizers are often used to increase yields per unit area. However, this practice has long been controversial because it damages soils, the environment and the climate alike. In addition, heat and drought are putting increasing pressure on soils and crops, leading to crop failures. How can we prevent soils from drying out while increasing yields to ensure food security in the future? A study led by the Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) provides promising results.

Agricultural and food systems are under increasing pressure due to climate change. Both the management of fields and the production of food must therefore be adapted to the new challenges in order to ensure food security and protect the environment. The cultivation of legumes has great potential: Legumes such as lentils and peas are not only rich in protein, but at the same time act as natural soil conditioners, which can save on the use of fertilizers.

Arthropods are irreplaceable for the preservation of the forest ecosystem by providing numerous services: they act as pollinators, remove dead plant parts and recycle these substances so that new, fertile soil can form. They are also the food base for numerous animals such as birds, bats or hedgehogs. But biodiversity in forests is under threat.

Fallow land in agricultural landscapes of medium complexity has the greatest benefit for diverse bird life. This is the result of a nine-year study by the Thünen Institute, the Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten and the University of Göttingen. The researchers had evaluated correlations between the proportion of fallow land and the occurrence of agricultural birds.