Biotechnology/Systems biology

Be it hay fever, strawberry or cat hair allergy: more and more people are suffering from allergies. According to a study by the Robert Koch Institute, around 30% of adults and 20% of children and adolescents in Germany are allergic. Frequently, those affected even suffer from several allergies. While chronic colds can be treated quite well with medication, people who react sensitively to food can only protect themselves by doing without. About three to four percent of adults and five percent of children are affected.

A growing world population also means more mouths to feed. At the same time, consumers everywhere are becoming more and more aware that the traditional way of producing food and especially meat is unsustainable. One solution would be to replace animal protein with plant proteins from e.g. legumes or beans or even insects. Another approach is to use cultured meat rather than breeding, feeding and slaughtering animals. The term cultured meat refers to meat grown from muscle tissue in cell culture

The ruling of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) regarding the regulation of crops created with new molecular and genome-editing breeding techniques was announced yesterday, July 25^th, in Luxembourg. The long-awaited decision was met with cheers by environmental groups and consumer organisations, but caused disillusionment and lack of understanding among researchers and entrepreneurs

Brand and product piracy is a worldwide problem. The economic damage is immense: in 2016, German companies alone recorded losses of around 53 billion euros, as a study by management consultants Ernst & Young (EY) shows. The use of such fraud in medicine is particularly problematic. The scandal surrounding inferior breast implants in 2010 showed what health consequences this could have. The French manufacturer Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) had used cheap industrial silicone to reduce production costs.

Methionine is an essential amino acid which is used on a large scale in animal feed. It is currently being manufactured from petrochemical source materials, in a process that uses highly toxic hydrogen cyanide. In 2013, Evonik Industries, one of the world's largest producers of methionine, invited university researchers to propose new processes for making the substance safer to produce. Now, researchers at the Technical University Munich (TUM) have developed an enzymatic process that extracts methionine from the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO₂).

They hang upside down from the ceiling, adhere effortlessly to steep trees and even polished glass won't make them slip: geckos. Millions of small hairs on the toes give the inconspicuous reptile adhesive forces like a magnet. For scientists, such natural wonders have always been a fascinating field of research and an incentive to transfer these abilities to technical applications and materials.

One of the main concerns of the bioeconomy is to sustainably replace fossil raw materials such as natural gas and crude oil with resources such as biogas. In recent years, the number of biogas plants in Germany has risen to around 9,000. A study carried out by the University of Hohenheim at the beginning of 2018 showed that their share of electricity generation is still low at up to 6%. For years, researchers have been working on upgrading biogas to natural gas quality in order to make the alternative energy source fit for the future.

Synthetic silk biopolymers developed by the German biotechology company AMSilk, headquartered near Munich, have found their way into many a industry application. Now, it will even become a part of future lightweight planes in an attempt to save fuels: Airbus and AMSilk have entered into a joint cooperation agreement to develop new composites for use in the aerospace industry.

Sustainability is a major issue for industry and business right now. Green chemistry is the tool for a more sustainable economy. For example, the activity of enzymes can be modified in such a way that they can be used in biotechnological plants for the fermentation of residues or the production of biobased materials.