Arthropods are irreplaceable for the preservation of the forest ecosystem by providing numerous services: they act as pollinators, remove dead plant parts and recycle these substances so that new, fertile soil can form. They are also the food base for numerous animals such as birds, bats or hedgehogs. But biodiversity in forests is under threat.
Nature has always been a driving force for technical developments. Also Silvia Vignolini draws inspiration from Nature in her research work. At the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG) in Potsdam-Golm, the top physicist took over at the beginning of the year as Head of a newly established Department that focuses on the development of sustainable and bio-inspired materials. Her goal: artificial materials should be indistinguishable from natural materials.
Fallow land in agricultural landscapes of medium complexity has the greatest benefit for diverse bird life. This is the result of a nine-year study by the Thünen Institute, the Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten and the University of Göttingen. The researchers had evaluated correlations between the proportion of fallow land and the occurrence of agricultural birds.
A photo of a flower or leaf is usually enough for the app to recognize the plant. With Flora Incognita, researchers at the Illmenau University of Technology and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena have not only given amateur botanists a tool to easily recognize plants. Many researchers have since also been accessing the data sets in order to explore the distribution of plant species, for example. With the help of artificial intelligence, the team of developers from Illmenau and Jena was able to improve the performance of the app many times over.
Agriculture is responsible for around 7.7% of Germany's greenhouse gas emissions. In order to achieve the climate targets, emissions of climate-damaging gases must be drastically reduced. In agriculture, this is to be achieved with the help of carbon farming. There are many measures that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store CO2 in the soil. But how does the principle work in agricultural practice and how effective are humus certificates? Carsten Paul from the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) studied this topic.
What will food production look like in the future? Already today, more people live in cities than in the countryside. However, the majority of food is produced in rural areas. Due to climate change, however, there is less and less land that is suitable for growing food. In the joint project CUBES Circle, researchers have been working on an alternative for years.
Innovations in the field of life sciences secure the food production of the future and make it more sustainable. To accelerate innovation through start-ups in the fields of agriculture, food technology and biotechnology, the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and UnternehmerTUM have launched the TUM Venture Lab Food-Agro-Biotech (FAB). The Lab FAB is one of now eleven TUM Venture Labs, which are designed to support TUM researchers and students in entrepreneurial spin-offs in the various fields of technology.
AI-supported field robots could give agriculture a significant boost toward greater sustainability. Agricultural scientist Hans G. Griepentrog is convinced of this. In recent years, the scientist from the University of Hohenheim has developed a field robot with AI-supported data analysis and intelligent sensor technology that independently makes its rounds in the fields, weeds and gives the farmer fertilizer recommendations.
For decades, moors were deliberately drained for land reclamation. Only about five percent of Germany's land area is still moorland. The drainage not only destroyed the habitat of many plants and animals, but also an important CO2 reservoir. Two years ago, the federal and state governments therefore agreed to invest more than 330 million euros in projects to protect peatlands. The main focus is on the large-scale rewetting of drained peatlands. Paludiculture stands for reviving peatlands as CO2 reservoirs in a sustainable and gentle way.
Fallen leaves are an important habitat and food for millions of microorganisms. But contrary to previous assumptions, they are largely insignificant for life below the surface. An international team of researchers led by the University of Göttingen has now been able to show that the number of soil organisms depends crucially on whether there are living roots and their metabolic products.