Agriculture sciences

Rice is one of the most important crops in the world. More than half of the world's population feeds on it. Although there are many rice varieties, not every plant can withstand climate change. Especially in Asia, where cereal grains have always been a staple food, flooding is increasingly causing crop losses and threatening the livelihood of rice farmers. This is where the work of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) comes in.

In early December, the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP24) will take place in Katowice, Poland. In the Paris Climate Accord three years ago, the participating states agreed to limit global warming to well below two degrees Celsius. To achieve this goal, almost all sectors of the economy must rethink and establish new, sustainable and environmentally friendly processes. Now, the participants of the COP24 meeting in Poland will discuss the measures taken as well as their progress.

Plants have many enemies and predators against which they have to defend themselves. Therefore, they have developed defense mechanisms against many different types of attack. However, it would bind far too many resources if all these mechanisms were permanently active. Ecologists from the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and the University of Bern have now investigated such a case of resource management in maize, wheat and other plant species.

Jasmine plants are known and loved for their bright white flowers and their fresh scent. This fragrance is based on the phytohormone jasmonic acid. The plant hormone bears its name because it was first discovered in the jasmine plant, but is also produced by other plants when they are eaten by insects or injured mechanically. The acid then causes a defensive reaction to protect the plant. Some species even transmit this acid signal via the air, in order to warn neighbouring plants.

Nuts have a long Christmas tradition. Walnuts and hazelnuts, either ground up or whole, are part of every Christmas bakery. The nuts are often difficult to crack, but delicious and decorative. Hence, long before the glittering baubles, nuts and apples adorned the Christmas tree. Today, they are valued for their many healthy nutrients and long shelf life and are mostly processed into food. However, researchers are convinced that their potential for biobased products is even greater.

Whether in the field or in the silo, grain is susceptible to insect pests. Therefore, chemical insecticides are often used. A common insecticide used in grain storage is imidacloprid, which belongs to the group of neonicotinoids and is considered controversial because of its environmentally harmful effects. Researchers from the Senckenberg German Entomological Institute in Müncheberg, together with partners from Pakistan and Greece, have now found a sustainable alternative.

Since Monday, the 13th Global Forum for Food and Agriculture (GFFA) is taking place - for the first time completely digitally. This year, the international conference on key issues for the future of global agricultural and food policy focuses on pandemics and climate change. Among the more than 2,000 participants are around 90 ministers of agriculture.

117 kilograms of lettuce, 67 kilograms of cucumbers, 46 kilograms of tomatoes, 19 kilograms of kohlrabi, 15 kilograms of herbs and 8 kilograms of radishes - these are the preliminary results after one year of vegetable farming in perpetual ice.

Organic agriculture stands for sustainable agriculture, species diversity and above all the consistent elimination of synthetic chemical pesticides. With a share of 7.5% of the total agricultural area, organic farming is still marginal in Germany. However, current data from the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) show a clear trend towards the sustainable cultivation of fields and meadows.