It has been known for several years that bacteria can degrade PET, which is mainly used for plastic bottles: Microorganisms such as Ideonella sakaiensis - discovered in 2016 on a partially decayed PET bottle in Japan - release an enzyme called PETase. This enzyme is able to break down the chain molecules of the plastic into its components. "This is of particular interest when it comes to the degradation of microparticles, for example microplastics," explains Daniel Moog, head of the junior research group at the Philipps University in Marburg.

The chemical industry is intensively researching ways to replace crude oil with renewable alternatives. Of particular interest here is the approach of using the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which is produced as exhaust gas in many processes. In this way, the climate could be protected at the same time as carbon could be fed into a sustainable circular economy. The newly launched "ElkaSyn" project is now investigating two approaches to making such processes more efficient and thus more economical.

That insect decline and species extinction are a fact has been shown by numerous national and international studies. Now German scientists are once again drawing attention to the loss of species with a large-scale biodiversity study. A research team led by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has come to the conclusion that the decline of insects in Germany is even more extensive than previously assumed. "Previous studies [...] either focused exclusively on biomass, i.e. the total weight of all insects, or on individual species or species groups.

In many countries of the world, rice is a staple food. Small farmers, especially in South Asia and Africa, live from the cultivation of this important crop. However, their livelihood and food security are threatened by the plant disease bacterial blight. This is caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). In India alone, the bacterium causes annual harvest losses worth around 3.6 billion dollars.

For many pollutants such as pesticides, the legislator has set threshold values. Below these limits, exposure is considered harmless. However, this does not seem to apply to many living organisms, including humans, as ecotoxicologists at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) have now been able to show.

Wood is a diverse raw material. It is used as a building material and fuel, for furniture construction, but also for the production of biofuel and sustainable chemicals. But climate change is putting forests under increasing pressure as a source of raw materials. Coniferous woods such as spruce in particular have suffered from drought and heat in recent years, which has severely decimated the tree population in some regions of Germany. Such supply bottlenecks are a concern for the wood processing industry.

Just last spring, the European Investment Bank (EIB) put together a 400 million euro loan package to motivate private investors to give greater support to innovation in the bioeconomy and agriculture across Europe.

The genetic engineering ruling of the European Court of Justice in the summer of 2018 has political repercussions: the European Council, the EU's leading political body, has asked the EU Commission to clarify how "novel genomic techniques" are to be legally classified and regulated in the future. The results of this study are to be presented by April 2021 - including proposals and an impact assessment.

When factories and municipalities use water, it is usually polluted. Before it can be returned to the environment, it usually passes through a sewage treatment plant. However, sewage treatment plants represent a considerable cost factor, especially for smaller municipalities. The Ruhrverband is therefore testing a new process from the Netherlands in the Sauerland region that uses smart microbiological cleaning to significantly reduce space requirements, electricity consumption and operating costs.

Peppermint, lemon balm, wolf’s bane or chamomile are popular medicinal plants. They are used to soothe the symptoms of diseases in teas, but also in pharmaceuticals. But their cultivation is difficult. Even the smallest contamination by weeds can impair the effect of the medicinal plants. In the joint project Optimech, a team led by the University of Bonn is now investigating how medicinal plants can be cultivated in a way that is as soil-friendly as possible without having to use herbicides.