How can nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which are removed from the environment through the cultivation and consumption of food, be returned? This question was the focus of the ‘zirkulierBAR’ project, which was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) from 2021 to 2024 as part of the REGION.innovativ funding programme. Following the completion of the three-year project, which was coordinated by the Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), the consortium has now summarised its results and findings in a handbook.
Guidelines for the sanitary and nutrient transformation
The ‘Handbook for the sanitary and nutrient transformation’ is intended to serve as a practical guide for municipalities and farmers on the path to a circular future. Its 124 pages show how new sanitation systems and treatment plants can be used to return nutrients absorbed through food to the natural cycle. The project focused on the processing of urine and solids from dry toilets into recycled fertiliser and compost.
As part of the project, a recycling plant was set up on the premises of Stadtwerke Barnim in Eberswalde to collect and clean human excrement and process it as recycled fertiliser. It is the first of its kind in Germany. In the real-life laboratory, research was carried out into whether this type of nutrient recovery is technically feasible and also ecologically sensible. In the handbook, the researchers now describe how much potential there is in the recycled fertiliser.
Contribution to fertiliser supply and environmental protection
‘If nutrients from faeces and urine are collected and processed separately and end up on the fields in a quality-assured manner, they can make an important contribution to the supply of fertilisers,’ summarises project coordinator Ariane Krause from the Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ). ‘We can also save water and reduce water pollution. Recycled fertilisers also reduce our dependence on imports of rock phosphate and natural gas, which are used to produce synthetic fertilisers.’
The separate processing of urine and faeces not only allows important nutrients to be recycled. According to the researchers, the recycled fertiliser can also be used to replace up to 25% of mineral fertilisers in Germany, thereby reducing the carbon footprint and pressure on natural resources such as soil, water, air and nutrients.