Anaerobic microorganisms are among the oldest living organisms on earth. As oxygen is life-threatening for them, they have developed special metabolic pathways that enable them to survive in oxygen-free regions such as the human gut or volcanic swamps. The ability to bind carbon is also particularly efficient in anaerobic microorganisms. The enzyme complex carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) plays an important role here.
Robots, sensors, drones and artificial intelligence (AI) already offer agriculture the opportunity to make work in the field and in the barn more efficient and sustainable. The use of these digital helpers is now being specifically supported in Lower Saxony as part of two major projects to drive forward the transformation of the agricultural and food industry in the state.
Whether heat stress or a cold snap: plants often react very sensitively to rapid changes in the weather, resulting in crop losses in agriculture. In order to master the challenges of climate change, it is important to know the mechanisms that take place in plant cells. Researchers at the University of Vienna and the Dresden University of Applied Sciences (HTWD) are now providing insights that could be groundbreaking for the breeding of climate-resistant crops.
In many regions of Germany, the increasing drought caused by climate change is leading to considerable challenges for agricultural production, including in Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt. The Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (HNEE) is therefore launching a research project to test climate-robust agroforestry systems in cooperation with three farms from the two federal states.
Europe is to become the world's most attractive location for life sciences by 2030. This is the aim of the new life sciences strategy adopted by the European Commission at the beginning of July. To this end, 10 billion euros are to be made available from the EU budget each year. The aim of the strategy is to utilise the potential of life sciences for health, the environment and the economy in a targeted manner and to strengthen Europe's competitiveness in the global innovation arena.
Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterium that causes various plant diseases and damages agriculture by infecting crops. Like other microorganisms, the bacterium is also able to produce a variety of biologically active natural substances.
Anaerobic bacteria are among the oldest life forms on earth. Compared to other organisms, they can survive in places where there is no oxygen. These adaptive artists are therefore of great interest to researchers. With Clostridium thermocellum, researchers from the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI) and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena have scrutinised an anaerobic bacterium that is of crucial importance for the degradation of cellulose in plant cell walls.
Traditionally, cheese is made from animal milk – a resource-intensive process that also raises ethical concerns around animal farming. Against this backdrop, interest in animal-free, environmentally friendly alternatives is on the rise. Alongside plant-based cheese substitutes, fermented dairy alternatives are gaining ground. These are created by biotechnologically reproducing milk proteins using microorganisms.
Spruce forests once characterised the landscape of Germany's low mountain ranges - today they are struggling to survive. Climate stress, bark beetles and extreme weather conditions have taken their toll on the robust conifers. The SURVEY joint project heralds a new era in forest research: in the future, research will be conducted directly in the forest instead of in the laboratory.